[+/-] : Magnesium ingot market softening

Magnesium ingot market in China is showing some signs of softening after stabilizing for over one week. Weak demand is still considered as the key factor affecting the price, market sources reported to Asian Metal today.
A Henan-based trader, with a trading volume of 800-900tpm, has just purchased some magnesium ingot at RMB23,500/t (USD3,436/t) ex works while most smelters insisted on offers at RMB23,800-24,000/t (USD3,480-3,509/t) ex works last week. The source heard that some smelters reportedly undersold magnesium ingot at prices below RMB23,500/t (USD3,436/t) ex works and said that they would like to purchase some if one can offer such low prices.
"Although we feel that the current price is relatively low, it seems that it still has not touched the bottom line," said the source. "Judging from the current situation, we're afraid that the price may continue to go down by a small margin before the National Day."
A Shanxi-based consumer confirmed that the magnesium ingot price is going down mildly. According to the source, although smelters have been trying to keep the price stable or even push it up in the name of more inquiries in the last two weeks, few deals buyers placed orders after they got offers from smelters. "Therefore, the seemingly active market has not seen good deals."
The source bought tens of tons of magnesium ingot at a price lower than RMB23,800/t (USD3,480/t) ex works last week and said that the same supplier had lowered the quotations by RMB100-200/t (USD15-29/t) this week to promote sales. "We were shocked that some smelters in Fugu and Taiyuan sold out stocks at RMB23,000/t (USD3,363/t) ex works last weekend," said the source, "but the prevailing price was still higher than RMB23,600/t (USD3,450/t) ex works."
Consuming about 600t of magnesium ingot every month, the smelter mainly purchases raw material from Shanxi province. The source predicts that the magnesium ingot price is likely to decline further this week, but the price decrease is expected to be limited in view of the high-held production cost.
One of largest magnesium producers in Taiyuan, Shanxi suspended offering as the company does not want to sell any material at prices lower than RMB24,000/t (USD3,509/t) ex works. However, the source acknowledged that the market demand has kept weak and bids from buyers have also been in decline. Meanwhile, the source revealed that many coke producers reduce production due to the sluggish market, leading to short supply of coal-gas which affects the production of some magnesium ingot smelters. Nevertheless, the production reduction is expected not to exert any impact on the magnesium market in the face of weak demand.

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[+/-] : manganese flakes price seems to be further down

There seem to be further weakening of manganese flakes price this week, but it is to early to say categorically because the week is just beginning. Though many sources still think price remains unchanged at USD3, 700/t in warehouse Rotterdam, there is a reported offer from China in the range of USD3,500-3,600/t CIF Rotterdam, and if the offer is true then the price in the warehouse Rotterdam might dip to around USD3,600/t. The picture of the market will be clearer as the week runs off; meanwhile, the market is still quiet as demand continues to decline.
A trader source informed that prices are coming down due to less demand from stainless steel industry, Chinese are offering below USD3,800/t CIF Rotterdam for shipment while in Europe price is around EURO3,700/t in warehouse Rotterdam. Some suppliers are decreasing price in line with the market situation. The source sold material last week and is yet to see any changes in the market this week.
Another trader source that shared similar view about the market of manganese flakes said the price is still USD3, 700/t in warehouse Rotterdam but cannot comment on the market now because he is quiet to receive any enquiry this week.
A third trader source also in Europe said manganese flake price is now in the range of USD3, 500-3,600/t CIF Rotterdam for prompt shipment. The source sold some undisclosed tonnage of flakes at below USD3, 900/t delivered to customer, which is around USD3, 750/t in warehouse Rotterdam. He also confirmed the market demand is weak and there is still room for further decline in the price.

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[+/-] : European antimony trioxide market sees no activity

Lack of demand, European antimony trioxide market remained quiet this wee.
A European trader disclosed that he received an offer of 99.5%min antimony trioxide at USD5,480/t FOB China. "I think this is too expensive, and I will discuss with the producer see if I can get at least USD30/t decrease," said the source.
He disclosed to Asian Metal that European market had been very quiet lately that he had not even received one inquiry in the last few days. "Things are not going well; we will have very bad impact from American economy soon, and demand of many commodities will not be strong," the source remarked pessimistically.
Another trader confirmed the weak market in Europe that he also received no inquiry this week and offers received for both in warehouse and CIF Rotterdam had dropped. According to him, the price is around USD5,600/t in warehouse Rotterdam, and USD5,500-5,550/t CIF Rotterdam, but consumers are not interested.
He thinks that the weakening economy is driving all metal market down at the moment, and it is difficult to see price recovers this year. "There is not many supply from China because of Olympic Games, but demand in Europe is even fewer," said the trader.

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[+/-] : Magnesium ingots,Magnesium alloys prices stable in China

Magnesium ingot market is stable but quiet presently with buyers and sellers all holding back from moving. The material is being offered at RMB24,000-24,300/t (USD3,509-3,553/t) ex works while the concluded price is considered to be in a range of RMB23,800-24,000/t (USD3,480-3,509/t) ex works.
A Shanxi-based producer reported to Asian Metal that the magnesium ingot market has not changed much this week. "Neither buyers nor sellers want to make a concession to each other, so they are watching the market closely for the time being," said the source.
The source puts the mainstream concluded price of magnesium ingot at RMB23,800-24,000/t (USD3,480-3,509/t) ex works, but revealed that many smelters would not like to sell at prices below RMB24,000/t (USD3,509/t) ex works. The source does not think the market will go robust soon, though there are more inquiries coming from foreign buyers who are just testing the market. However, the possibility that the price may drop further by a large margin can be ruled out given the high-held production cost.
Running below its capacity of 10,000tpy, the smelter has not concluded any deal this week.
A producer from South Shanxi confirmed that the magnesium ingot market comes to a standstill as producers refuse to lower their prices further while buyers think the there is still room for the price to go down.
Owing to the sluggish market, the smelter, with a capacity of 5,000tpy, halted production a week ago. It has sold all the stocked materials at prices ranging RMB24,000-24,200/t (USD3,509-3,538/t) ex works. "We received some inquiries from end users, so we intend to buy some magnesium ingot from other smelters in the local area," said the source. "However, some local smelters quote as high as RMB24,400-24,500/t (USD3,567-3,582/t) ex works, which keep us away from buying."
AAccording to the source, due to the increasing price of coal and the bearish coke market, some smelters in Taiyuan, Shanxi have also been forced to reduce production due to high cost or lack of coal-gas. In addition, smelters in South Shanxi are still out of production. Therefore, the stock of magnesium ingot in Shanxi is not so high as it was last month. "Coupled with more inquiries, the magnesium market may keep comparatively stable in the following one or two weeks," the source added.

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[+/-] : Some manganese flakes suppliers sell hurriedly

Due to the low expectation on the manganese market after the National Day, some suppliers are selling in panic and manganese price drops further to almost USD3,600/t FOB, but many suppliers are still reluctant to sell at around RMB19,200-19,500/t (USD2,803-2,847/t) ex works in domestic market.
A Hunan-based smelter claimed that they just concluded a deal at USD3,950/t CIF Pusan. "The buyer just wants two cargos of the material for prompt delivery," said the source who has planned to lower the offers to USD3,850/t CIF Pusan but before they made the adjustment, the buyer has decided to make the deal. "Actually, manganese demand is a bit strong at the moment with many foreign buyers back to place orders." The source still owns about 100t of the material at hand and they might lower their offer further to release the huge stockpiles.
The source reported that some suppliers have already lowered their offers to almost USD3,650-3,700/t CIF Rotterdam. "The overall economic trend is very dim, and thus many smelters would rather strive for some deals even at much lower prices."
Another Hunan-based smelter who just runs at half of its capacity of 12,000tpy told Asian Metal that though some smelters are still reluctant to sell at prices below RMB20,000/t (USD2,920/t) ex works, some others have already lowered their prices to RMB19,200/t (USD2,803/t) ex works at the lowest. "It is expected that the price might fall to below RMB19,000/t (USD2,774/t) ex works," said the source who is very pessimistic about the stainless steel market in the fourth quarter of the year.
The source claimed that they received routine inquiries from the foreign buyers but they are not interested in selling at prices below USD3,700/t FOB. "However, the buyers could still get the material at much lower prices," said the source who complained that due to the low price at around USD3,700/t in warehouse Rotterdam, no foreign buyer would be willing to purchase at prices above USD3,650/t CIF Rotterdam for the moment.

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[+/-] : Magnesium ingots,Magnesium alloys market has not changed in Europe

At the start of business on Monday, sources reported that magnesium market has not changed from its quiet position with steady price at round USD4,200-4,300/t in warehouse Rotterdam. Speaking on the reason for the steady price, participants attributed it to price of around USD4,150-4,200/t CIF Rotterdam from Chinese suppliers.
A trader told Asian Metal that he got offers of around USD4,300/t in warehouse Rotterdam from another trader trying to reduce stock, but will not buy the material since his customers are not showing sign of buying anything now.
"Any consumers you contact will tell you that they have material and are not ready to buy now," said the source. "I guess that is a way to pay Chinese suppliers for increasing the price higher than expected this year."
However, the source expressed surprise that the price is not going down as expected since it is still at around USD4,200-4,250/t in warehouse Rotterdam and added that price may remain at this level till next quarter.
The market is not showing a positive picture from the participants perspective because many of them lack confidence on the future, insisting that price is heading to around USD4,000/t in warehouse Rotterdam.
"There is nothing to show the market is going to be active in warehouse Rotterdam," said another European dealer who offers at around USD4,300/t in warehouse Rotterdam. "The sentiment is that price is going down and they will wait to see the bottom."
The source reported he got offers from Chinese suppliers at around USD4,100-4,200/t CIF Rotterdam, same as he got two weeks ago, showing that Chinese suppliers are not reducing the price very fast.

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[+/-] : European antimony trioxide prices drop in US Dollar

16 Sep 08 – Because of the slow demand, prices of antimony products continue to fall in the Chinese export market. However, the European market participants holds that the prices are falling in US Dollar, but still expensive in EURO.
An official from a European consumer disclosed to Asian Metal that the price of 99.5%min antimony trioxide further to slightly below USD5,600/t CIF Rotterdam, but exchange of EURO had dropped from the highest 1.58 against USD to current 1.40-1.42. "Compare the 2-3% dropping in the antimony trioxide price with the 10% decrease of currency, the antimony price is mostly paid in USD, and we are paying more," the official remarked.
The source sees the supply of antimony is tight in the world market. However, he added: "the demand is even shorter." He takes that the reasons for the weak demand are weak economy in general and the possibilities of using alternatives.
A trader disclosed to Asian Metal that the price of antimony trioxide is softening, and market is very quiet at the moment. According to him, the offers from China fall to the range of USD5,600-5,650/t CIF Rotterdam from USD5,700/t CIF a week ago. "No deals I heard concluded in Europe, so cannot give a price for prompt material in Rotterdam warehouse."
AsiHe agrees that some consumers are paying more for the raw material when they pays in EURO, and antimony is a products which is dealt in USD most of the time.
He holds that economy is very slow in Europe, and also calm down in Asia, so demand of antimony trioxide is not going to pick up for the rest of the year. "Antimony market will just remain quiet for the next few months," said the trader, pessimistically.

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[+/-] : Gossan's Inwood magnesium property hosts 28.8 million measured tonnes of high-purity magnesium dolomite

Gossan Resources Limited has received a final National Instrument 43-101 Report that establishes a substantial resource of high purity dolomite at its Inwood Magnesium Project. The resource estimate focuses on the flat lying Fisher Branch dolomite formation which outcrops on the Inwood Property with little or no overburden and averages a true thickness of about 12 metres. Gossan has initiated preliminary site and infrastructure planning for a production facility at the 1,635-hectare Inwood Property which is located in south-central Manitoba.

Development of the Inwood Magnesium Project is being advanced based on ongoing high magnesium prices – currently over US $2.00 per pound – and the development of more efficient magnesium extraction processes. Gossan holds the option on the worldwide rights to a new high-efficiency modified magnesium production process and testing of this technology is the current focus of this project.

Douglas Reeson, CEO of Gossan stated, "Gossan recently exhibited at the World Magnesium Conference in Warsaw, Poland, where it was very apparent that a new North American producer would be strongly supported by the magnesium industry. Gossan's Inwood Project, located in hydro-electric rich Manitoba – has all the ingredients to attract a senior partner to assist in its development."

Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited (WGM), consulting geologists, have calculated a number of Mineral Resource Estimates for high purity dolomite at the Inwood Property. WGM estimated Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources based on results from 35 drill holes, of which 27 were conducted on 200m spacing within a 100-hectare area in May of 2006. The balance of the holes used in the estimate of the Measured and Indicated Resource were drilled in 1991 by the Manitoba Department of Mines and Energy. The estimate of Inferred Resources which covers an area of approximately 450 hectares is based on a 53-drillhole database.

The Inwood Property hosts a very-large, high-quality deposit as the final Measured Resource alone would be capable of sustaining a very substantial production facility of 80,000 tonnes of magnesium per year for about 30 years (subject to a positive feasibility study).

WGM's resource estimates for the Fisher Branch are summarized in the table below:

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                          Resource                   Grade           Grade

Formation and zone  Classification      Tonnage   MgO (wt%)       CaO (wt%)
 
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Fisher Branch             Measured   28,819,000     21.15%          30.91%

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Fisher Branch            Indicated    5,057,000     21.40%          30.66%

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Fisher Branch             Inferred  131,236,000     21.64%          30.51%
 
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Gossan has received a final National Instrument 43-101 Report from Watts, Griffis and McOuat on the Inwood Property. The Company had previously reported initial resource estimates, conducted by WGM, on the Property (NR 06-16 dated November 3, 2006). The final Report utilized a more sophisticated block modeling technique and reflects the elimination of certain core intersections, partially outside the mineralized zone. As a result, the reported purity of the deposit was improved with total residue for the Fisher Branch resource being reduced to 0.34 % from 0.40%. This improvement may be of significance in future metallurgical and economic evaluations. The total resource remained basically unchanged, but due to the use of more sophisticated block modeling, a small portion of the tonnage shifted from the measured to indicated category.

Donald Hains, P.Geo., of Watts, Griffis and McOuat is the Qualified Person who prepared the technical report on the Inwood Magnesium Property and has reviewed and approved the contents of this press release. The NI 43-101 Report will be filed with SEDAR.

Gossan has a licensing arrangement for a new high efficiency magnesium production process being developed by Douglas J. Zuliani. The new process is based on an efficient adaptation of the traditional Magnetherm process. The Zuliani process is designed to achieve operating cost savings by process efficiency improvements that significantly reduce both energy and key raw material requirements. These enhancements to the traditional Magnetherm method should materially improve both magnesium recovery and silicon reduction efficiency without the need for a vacuum. Energy use is reduced by development of a technically straightforward method that will ensure highly efficient condensation of liquid magnesium metal. Low cost hydro electricity is abundantly available in Manitoba. For further information refer to Gossan NR-07-02 dated March 16, 2007.

In order to prove out the technology prior to commercialization, Gossan is undertaking a three phase evaluation process. Initially thermodynamic modelling was successfully used to verify the process fundamentals (NR-07-13 of September 25, 2007). The second phase which will involve bench scale testing is currently being prepared at the CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory in Ottawa (NR-08-05 of May 13, 2008). Thereafter a third phase of pilot plant testing will be required to demonstrate commercial viability. Gossan will seek a joint venture partner to assist in the pilot plant testing and subsequent commercialization of the process.

Gossan has selected the CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory (CANMET-MTL) of Ottawa, Canada, to conduct bench scale testing of the Zuliani Process to extract magnesium metal from dolomite. CANMET-MTL is undertaking several bench scale tests to confirm process thermodynamics and kinetics for the Zuliani technology including determining the vapour pressure of magnesium as a function of process temperature and operating conditions, the slag – metal reactions and the formation of by-products. Equipment required to conduct the bench scale tests has been designed and is in the process of being fabricated. A bulk sample of up to 5-tonnes of dolomite is being extracted at the Inwood Property for use in the current and future tests. Additional dolomite is being sourced from other commercial operations for inclusion in the current bench scale tests in order to broaden the testing of the technology. The bench scale tests are expected to be completed before year end.

The price of magnesium has increased considerably since 2006. During 2007, free market prices in Canada and Europe increased sharply from US $0.95 per pound to US $1.80 per pound. The current price – early September 2008 – is US $2.07 per pound. Corresponding prices in the USA are significantly higher due to varying tariff protection against certain Chinese and Russian producers. An analysis of operating and transportation costs indicates that the cost to produce and ship magnesium from China – the world's dominant producer – has increased significantly over the last two years, and as a result, magnesium prices are likely to remain firm. Demand for magnesium is expected to remain strong particularly from the auto industry where high gasoline prices are leading to the design of lighter more fuel efficient vehicles.

Gossan Resources Limited is engaged in mineral exploration and development in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. It has a well-diversified portfolio of properties hosting gold, platinum group and base metals, as well as the specialty and minor metals, tantalum, lithium, chromium, titanium and vanadium. The Company also has a large deposit of magnesium-rich dolomite, the world-wide rights to the Zuliani magnesium production process, and a silica sand deposit. Gossan trades on the TSX Venture and the Frankfurt/Freiverkehr & Xetra Exchanges and has 29,020,900 common shares outstanding. – Press Release

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[+/-] : Brazil's Magnesita buys Germany's LWB Refractories

Brazil's Magnesita SA says it will pay €277 million in cash and stock to buy LWB Refractories, a German company that makes products used in the steel industry.

Magnesita said the purchase will turn it into the world's third largest producer of refractory material. Refractory material capable of resisting super-high temperatures is used by industries that in installations like furnace linings and thermal barriers.

Magnesita said its deal to buy LWB from Rhone Capital also includes the assumption of €380 million in debt and that the conclusion of the deal is subject to regulatory approval.

The Brazilian company is controlled Brazilian private equity firms GP Investments Ltd. and Gavea Investimentos. – Associated Press

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[+/-] : China magnesium quarterly price to drop to US$ 4,100-4,200/t level

Japanese and European magnesium buyers are expected to get lower price from Chinese suppliers for October-December shipment at the negotiation started last week.

The price is likely to be US$ 4,100-4,200 per tonne, which is US$ 1,900 lower than July-September level.

The price in China, which represents 80% of world supply, hit bottom and rebounded to US$ 4,200 level while the price decreased to US$ 4,100 last week, according to Japanese trader sources.

The price is apparently supported by high refining cost despite of the easy supply. – Japan Metal Bulletin

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[+/-] : China releases ferroalloy export license application procedure

China releases ferroalloy export license application procedure
According to the procedure released by Ministry of Commerce ferroalloy exporters can submit application for export license from September 1st.

For ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and silicomanganese, the government will only allow ferroalloy exports by producers that supplied more than 3,000 tonnes for export in 2007. For trade houses as well, only those that shipped more than 3,000 tonnes abroad in 2007 will be allowed to export.

For other ferroalloy products there is no export volume threshold so far.

Ferroalloy exporters can hand in applications to provincial departments from Sep 1 and the applications should be submitted to MOC before Oct 15. MOC will list the qualified enterprises before this year end.

Export license will be effective as of January 1st 2009.

MOC said in a statement on August 21st that China would set restrictions on exporters of ferroalloys and citric acid starting from September to reduce exports of the products, aiming to promote industry consolidation and curb pollution.

China has been increasing controls over exports of metals, minerals and chemical products as it aims to prevent excessive, unchecked expansion in high-polluting sectors. – Steel Guru

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[+/-] : Tariff break extended on Chinese ferroalloy

The European Union delayed for an extra 12 months the introduction of tariffs on a ferroalloy from China and Kazakhstan, prolonging relief for the EU steel industry.

The EU suspended duties as high as 8.2 per cent on silicomanganese, used by steelmakers including ArcelorMittal, until Sept. 6, 2009, because prices of the raw material remain "high." Last December, the EU postponed the levies for nine months because supply shortages reduced the risk that European silicomanganese producers would be hurt by "dumped," imports.

The EU is trying to strike a balance between the interests of European ferroalloy producers such as Spain's Ferroatlantica SL and users including Luxembourg-based ArcelorMittal. Ferroalloy association Euroalliages has demanded duties to punish non-EU exporters for dumping while the Eurofer steel group has said such trade protection raises costs. – Toronto Star

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[+/-] : China's non-ferrous sector downbeat for 2nd half

China's nonferrous metals industry will remain downbeat in the second half of this year, with rising costs and weak consumption, according to a report by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association (CNMIA) released July 17.

CNMIA's pessimistic estimate is based on a range of internal and external factors. By and large, increasingly expensive raw materials, labor and electricity are pushing up production costs, while downstream consumption will remain slack, hindered by a weakening global economy, an appreciating Renminbi and government export restrictions, the CNMIA said.

Regarding the prospects of the nonferrous metals industry in the second half of this year, CNMIA estimates that output will continue to grow, with combined production of 10 major nonferrous metals, namely copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, antimony, mercury, magnesium, and sponge titanium, expected to increase by approximately 15% year-on-year.

According to the report, Chinese nonferrous metal producers generally saw their profits slide during the first five months of this year, and this trend is likely to continue into the latter half of the year thanks to growing production costs and falling prices.

Due to a market surplus in the first half of the year, the prices of lead, zinc, aluminum and nickel all suffered falls, and the CNMIA is not optimistic about the situation changing in the second half.

The report indicated that the total volume of imports and exports of nonferrous metals will also continue to slide, while the trade deficit is set to expand.

In addition, a report on the country's nonferrous metals industry released by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) on July 14, said that combined profit growth for 73 major producers and traders of nonferrous metals in the first four months of this year decreased by 7.25% on an annual basis, and that a growing number of smelters are losing money.

The NDRC is considering taking counter-measures to ease the situation, according to the report.

Interfax commentary: Output of various nonferrous metals in China has been an issue which has made headlines in the lead up to the summer. Suggestions of production cuts for aluminum, lead and zinc have been been aired, only to be rejected as being unlikely to follow through. Whatever the NDRC's counter-measures may be, a weakening global economy and weakening demand from the globe's biggest consumer are suggesting that there is only one long-term answer to the surpluses of various metals – that market forces will have to be allowed to play their role, eliminating production when low price creates too tough an environment for all but the strongest players. – Interfax

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[+/-] : 中国锑锭市场平静

本周中国0U5MRB5BLC822638F44R4PZ32JA68HXCSWLJEDPXW08H3XVW3E6C56RGAA57453R9K4J5EMXML5M9GUBGN1T7T3KB2905ZL5A68SBL52N6D0EW56C70W12IBQMJZ58IZ289RY2A22893KB1019T6CJ8M08C6543272V4M71EVJENUA0HTP4M731X4NK3X8QP9C83W211锑市平静，大多数消费商仍持有部分库存，都在没有入市采购AMS。

一广西J6BTM7J576H8K11E96TEQDBG1PP0BL97DZGCZAT1633KV2897S7CJM7X8C7PN5E16WR65M2ZU7E1V4DZM4FJFBN903WQ69090PQS22Y34YC561HQHG2GM1S6WPE37ZAM7L345614YI3655NBLF19KYP25E8X0T19959FQ92N4D1T7U0526E71TIX4G2RT575XI9E7J2W生产商本周以到厂OW20LM6ZO24U3785U6NMKDG7I143H13KNQFX9NZS963U621W5S5XXRC43U6431K3R9WY9685D65ZAX446KKOYJN52EIW545R2BL3QAJ93L26P90OG9IUV5721MPXBG1QME242Y9YR3RCSO14RR57731ROAS7GUIM65441RQX5P0LOAAHDU2V0BUF40ZSJHM4YLIOKM8B价38,5003O元/吨的O3K1L7563ATF8ZR5M4J69OAF1Q3AXGH6DA2880521G52GD14312H81ODC8NLP75398T3T92N7PPC797C600T347YYL07490BGZH8K6PWK32Z5TSVO4XH77X89M3GVIZY2SC5CO0LJU71AS29HP11221132O1W9RGH2J70U6N8C28205OD6AS1GWCM19S81HH5XKQN6X3价格成交了一笔99.5%以上氧化126N6346GWE6Q8D9X1H89BSW18AH4383324JAQE4BPZ7X7W41PJNN0D971L7R0OS2G383M881KPP6H16G2SXD8Q77O7Z54X9B572UDT26OEKE6EYJ26JCLMSKM13H91H03UUTV1782ZKRE2M7XK0P2X9W0901OQ0497UK8EUCW28M0PNT4EJ951U463K47ML45YKZ3FM锑小量交易AME。他们认为，所有品位氧化J6BTM7J576H8K11E96TEQDBG1PP0BL97DZGCZAT1633KV2897S7CJM7X8C7PN5E16WR65M2ZU7E1V4DZM4FJFBN903WQ69090PQS22Y34YC561HQHG2GM1S6WPE37ZAM7L345614YI3655NBLF19KYP25E8X0T19959FQ92N4D1T7U0526E71TIX4G2RT575XI9E7J2W锑57PE4ZKG280PF246111W59T70DI65JF8742W651SJ8RTU02Z25Y6T5B78Z3K82TK2SQ8NF544P6F40CT6U69SMB2668R445M2XDJE37U522255JD80M8QXB57L16PJ8G0F96X1C9AF7F3V3KW5767DG62545M09BYYHB9XTE15JGX1DUCO7O3LX9MGX7391C1I46P80S价格为37,000-38,00086元/吨，99.8%以上K12U4Z2F5M5383YGP353E5V7BCOQRN807J2BVNJRVZMW3C8M51M42Y15REP570319TO12U59KS225N4QMFU5P1837PQ56M5JCNLF0YD2PWDV6Z9X5U8T3382PP964A8U6ZD64H29QTJ68QPOB1738W6SL47369L762XNO0GD7PG1M8R8FN862YK74IG624N3M7Z28NIE锑锭6F7FLGH8A6J0643688ABBLMFY6IGC41DK7FV5AU25L823WG500P0SBNLRCFKD7XLOO5IHNY4A5SIFD4J74F01536L9R54Z0W38999007622PO40KC5B35C1144X93KT5977877F476U2PZ3WML4A2B3D0829CFHW6R2J808U40MQ517ACLML4QZ8438TXT9967NTS9CA价格为40,200-40,40046元/吨AMN。该K12U4Z2F5M5383YGP353E5V7BCOQRN807J2BVNJRVZMW3C8M51M42Y15REP570319TO12U59KS225N4QMFU5P1837PQ56M5JCNLF0YD2PWDV6Z9X5U8T3382PP964A8U6ZD64H29QTJ68QPOB1738W6SL47369L762XNO0GD7PG1M8R8FN862YK74IG624N3M7Z28NIE生产商的月KO3VMF1VK29SGPUHH0K5SZ5FY6O226UGJT20S0910563999045E8F36FL245A55FFPLPB09W06H43P8GN8470DCSNW445Z0T1LH78Q3278D1Q76EVI3GHNA9JPSBGBTC4NZ7FXJL314TEUSAQ03737S1H6O72075IAVVM13U01K51820E36541M6M426UFJ2B2A29644生产能力为600-700吨AMQ。

该40OXL4A4G0FDR85I97GT2427U158W76M01FA5N5RFFUVMV9P208H1V182JH521RGM4IBV3I8QR35B6D9NP0WK13021FI5M5DD31GPH5D871L66I41V9T2SE5D54LACQ3FA8WANMY96484YUNGZ0E868RD9K18FB29S7E42KK365XV8U3E2J3535PMOES2BEB6R0I08NV生产商说，“本周S0LK42XKIU6R3JOVQ73V214F4RF7N88B9IE7ZAF2JXL1NIK73TI6L8LB74PHEV6OSB0EKT415N97E379826U6S4DKZ71390K3MH907VN19J857T52633E8U7OJ04K52UE81JZFQ4K3ZN8PT7XD961S6D4955NVO02M9654026BBE3H9AB9489324MV6TZZFI05TZ0642市场非常平静AMB。尽管我们接到的询盘较多，但成交量仍没有增加，买家并不是真正想采购AME。”

一湖南4MS94SYC0W5O104JS509780F6P4NMV6764FZ4AE1K8Y306010L5R0H6NAMD5O68273F5Q6STHRKQU745O26BUGQ49JZ25Z0NE297JZTCY61TQL974JOGC932X52UUD47BOSA815L6BNWUCWZWX6OI5W19G2O4J3C64643J406063N935ED02645MMR1S880X2CEK195D生产商表示，一些小量交易可以在到厂669G4425WK640RD6O582P8F7V1HXS50J01F8KN4ST0ZSX7HC8L2M64A0L10J3204VL4U0VIJ6O7LZE7A7FVG5OQBEF4L4M5GI77477F6UD3X5FSRK0Q843J8246J14P872QZN33Y30WIXD4JCJ0KSZK6YCBJSJ6Q231R81W4756021GHC3FH580U44VT4O77H2PUUD13价42,500-42,800UC元/吨AMG。该4YX9L9V78QV95HFKK2WCIH775D410YO9G829257R5K0UPO0T9WF0A7117595810302C94AC7964T57715ZF2129VTQ7C545X1273DQ900P10QH60R9DU0DL8R5A15EJ0WC5DR7S93M59CGY4M82ZVN9R8M0Y04SWH1P72MN695UR1YXUD0V1866348B7I687U5F42E64生产商认为，99.65%以上氧化KO3VMF1VK29SGPUHH0K5SZ5FY6O226UGJT20S0910563999045E8F36FL245A55FFPLPB09W06H43P8GN8470DCSNW445Z0T1LH78Q3278D1Q76EVI3GHNA9JPSBGBTC4NZ7FXJL314TEUSAQ03737S1H6O72075IAVVM13U01K51820E36541M6M426UFJ2B2A29644锑RD0HKT0D6EZVM9Y7236L129F76G53RZ56O1UG002YR11LPI66W9WO9MT22XIQUH51I2281S225V57GBR78KLX69494234Z0Q366Y43468BI2OBK96623J54404MS8441584CJZ4L0M842HOVS26VF84DUJXUI5X4Y0BZ7290007KYF8NCE91701S4P77Y3O6WR68XH26价格为42,000-42,500P6元/吨AMV。

该D6Z9E4A7Q187BG244I546G9B695W3QK10S929XANG98D3862785BVLKQ3E8BVZ4G17O2BX49P7XE500S14H4MH398PJ039615ZA08QMF884C9Y51DK0TY902JKMZFY116SQ0NIKP24R2VYQ77XB33TU8EWJH6B2L4C5GIH54AUV7KGJUL2N30YV9523C8PF3MMEDNS08生产商表示，本周7N64KNUBEOX0T5KX34D0TP16I11K19THO7ESV58T5M5Q02LJ110CJ397O6424J76AX96FB8D15Z89LB58Z2YB7T5125A345U4KDN7KBLG8KDNN4752980094IJU8E61CZ4A5U87ZC7061TV2NB506QS6J149DZ88Y2V9NNDY8O15Z3N2BVE70OHKMYRTMV01508A17M5市场成交清淡AM9。然而，他认为，由于40OXL4A4G0FDR85I97GT2427U158W76M01FA5N5RFFUVMV9P208H1V182JH521RGM4IBV3I8QR35B6D9NP0WK13021FI5M5DD31GPH5D871L66I41V9T2SE5D54LACQ3FA8WANMY96484YUNGZ0E868RD9K18FB29S7E42KK365XV8U3E2J3535PMOES2BEB6R0I08NV锑精N3004273S413Y50M0973W75FL64T60LE8GFY1031UAG2D4027HW49F6VORV4B6FIJ0ZL1HLQNQNWHWC866U3O3F149O9590HF16VWI19EN2J61I294SH9IP54N853F2IRQKHMIU4A96A3K09B78KHKA1RTXJ660RZVN11P522CY0WZ4BD9OZ9W724X078M65J925HITT矿和4MS94SYC0W5O104JS509780F6P4NMV6764FZ4AE1K8Y306010L5R0H6NAMD5O68273F5Q6STHRKQU745O26BUGQ49JZ25Z0NE297JZTCY61TQL974JOGC932X52UUD47BOSA815L6BNWUCWZWX6OI5W19G2O4J3C64643J406063N935ED02645MMR1S880X2CEK195D锑锭的供应仍然紧张，而且未来两到三个月都不会有所好转，中国4YX9L9V78QV95HFKK2WCIH775D410YO9G829257R5K0UPO0T9WF0A7117595810302C94AC7964T57715ZF2129VTQ7C545X1273DQ900P10QH60R9DU0DL8R5A15EJ0WC5DR7S93M59CGY4M82ZVN9R8M0Y04SWH1P72MN695UR1YXUD0V1866348B7I687U5F42E64锑锭S5GIK09759HGX17790M66S765DFD9T98HY1TDNPS122R94JF5HR25KZ3AK7I9ILO4E1S640GXN86L3327P0626FUQ7ZF3M5AJOM4206OAAJNN802Y1882S617KGCQ5JMI3IG1PN9TYY4NLR3H222S7O66QTEX6226UZH63A63OX76GKUB0S08115M7T741KM4C79ZLIY价格最终还会走高AM1。

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[+/-] : 部分锑锭供应商坚持高价

2008-9-9Y6 29742R50N35L58ZW989KZX86X7015988890T3KZ2PPORVAL829ONQS7W9MBDRQO8IE46CH85E924JJYYMG4G071H55ZVER30Z7HHUP41L891316J018WOJ4CB2ZLH3P8AY89ROA2S38V1SYL170R378PQS33G8LHSA2YZ47EDV2X9F930J2V7E5A5G36J4F7H2WKZ4YE锑锭096O9KF13VFIF0D155U60B74JBA0V1H2V7SZHH262DBK3R21103MCR453PDO90WYW03G670LZZ0M0X862F533Z0GJV41W692LDS6I9Z97R3S69ZW926K0E87503D727MVF15P2249KFLKEA1M4YA35BF23W6X157FO8ZQT0064Z85RF5GA6K630BQFK0N46MW3137871市场近几天较为活跃AM5。部分794Z0159QNE9SAN5N0B2YL10YMJ8ZVI1RT73EV3A7FC1E37V44LH971C2HDVO2O5B7V1572FVE3ZL053X1SBG3I47L35CE5F1E89312T2QB78G1G2JB826X26G2J873L2H1T0HXX18P54FXWQLUT0S0U19049FM4OJ8X6KG980EWRFYJ3O1EA81IP79ZVVA5363Q4SQ0生产商降低报11SDHE1G567Z05B584AHT3JR6SEJ9IIL06A9FLJ2L9RUNV14G3410YVYHXA20N4659DWL46XKB9U9ZZ0JB827M4B10HMGR4782HE252472VHL26S39IV11PE433GR0J91TSEUXKG6UP4384ONF2F42K6NC386Y5NS770L73LK8L58A5W0CW6Z0165O6P2NH685MB34LH价以减少库存，然而，其他一些7K6A03L643M312I528WKN88NVZIM592421UHAI95X8GQ7G742XDRWF67B39888TPJ6SR3B5141JCF189XVH26L6U4SDMCR9QFC64185SJOCAUBWNMXQ3DV083FZS57G70VYWVXA4WGQQTJZIG3K15QE2AE885J7220UF5N3O15I2JGMQ34VAD0GGP8X93QV4X0365873生产商仍然坚持高D6WE34083L0KLT864184HUD1NFD0NLGRS008B99TQOV2062AC7DNY4I6098FJB6SW8AI2U9800AX6A27J74JD5UKXHC3GE91WDD79FL4W1854B2Z64XIA37VGIDQ41F29H5H5N473FQN6940CD8691MDJJ12FC8H3MQ3JXLBR35Z50DD096512F556O5UJC5K0514656价AMA。

一湖南U8UBAPJG2C8UOM16X56503506MI110EQX5U2W8PB1L41H18Z0I80761K84V7C39P64PD0JYC014291F6Y59404X1F9X3B140F05Z95SQ4MCIU8OV7LF8AA15EFT038D0XJ8AQ519NS67BNBVV2A5A5GUWLR214C09USN4PKE404Q030W3I5XG2I1PZ89V46GMNL760VR生产商上周有几笔小量交易，一共成交了100吨左右的HJ94H94RJ1X89D7X65VP5J5DU29T1BT0M3Z72X5T817138MK03295D25SP9C9E786A3D862M89I5042ON904LU4QIVT6DE84ZRD8O260579L39JQI64K4O6TV2U80341VMR14ECT37X9LWAX7R608QX04ZF7W97BJ71GX5VVL3K2PGN692AS8I5Y53IQ820OWS9LB6AM锑锭，成交EB0FHRYNFFJ8W976E9RQ82WRK7DQD519I40WY4O2819T6O25X1VX887GV0RF6OVTE6X79B3U600AKCQ3KMAON507Q58GG645XBY2TXQ3918XK8Z2X0MWYOXMAHXZ211O7VKL4D529665Y155S0504C562QARV2EC0F56HA56Z87JE07J08I324HL5756H19JZM6158Q9价格为43,000I0元/吨AM4。他们本周到目前为止没有任何成交AM4。

该UIZD0828CXDFZSZ6P2NU5T3N592TUDCW5872SIE530OPVZ858T44S150PP67380693M5W6I0SDM36GN2ZG5PLNE59F6GB69329346195P4D67S2C0ZV392I1XF54C803SXRD412KF1TU3R1HLFR9N4327SNQ8648OM6V3S4V7N60S3P132ITK4J060VZJ24CCY5U72X0生产商透露，I8042FIH1Z22K36ZJ26707366T93TD6I17ZS04E2AUWQ9TN98793M66E57T0ERXX9X2P69644Y3784PFORQ5V8T00C5PDR380PY3I9WAR697JVAY619837UKPF5184I4Q05G2U2G0F9ZTACK3P243O9P3GBDMDCW04COV68LT8ORH2089DTO9N685MHQ4B8KLD95E718锑精4Q7RG2984DL902WED1Y52NH61TVXEO3GQ29PM4P27245DFRF1M692LPUPC19G7PA037LU1C1Y851U7X7QM024AXN0161B63K122L36S713BZ3D70T339053A61Q6858R81X8OF6GTY129P437H7CHFHO7HK7XS306HU85B19XUC29L38Y66052X459C64HDTUXF7O44B矿F52GHYVDB06222N7865836PE22CG76019VAV7XETA7D2E43E7Q53VI29PF5EWCA745U273T7HACDD1Y0K1Q78QIE37Q1F1899Z7TMO8HCB8FK66525CJ8T0DTH6392ZW5J2OF7ST607Q22R9I914XAQ108WCL35XS949FCO3HIW781HQ0SB235IINXMP897F5XRF6Z7G价格已经上涨了2,000QN元/吨，到税前交货2ZKI21T78UZQSL3753IA9BJ61SB8ITAKPFA864722J2S7HJ75B17777O3HJE1P1774RSO6D6901G8226LWF8H66NCBKAF633Y962GG0G2Z953NI8M0RWT91UN2L7T28E3X1703UGIMUS5KT49X7WK96PY1SNBNVR36K2DF69OVZD5D8W06814UK2N04PIU50137H7DUO价32,500L1元/吨，而一个月以前的24O3HL6K6P2BD618H0E2L40DAF0NYV9Q2P0U49JTK9K121KH3MWCR222E32DKDJVBH5EIZMP5ZFJPHPHM58BRSX9V319E1869847AXG13X9VJJZ0T52J61ILH22CN27MFKZ88997AX87VOVY584GX8T1U459QR1M0IIPBIR5WI15GEK10MNZ6Z41NDK68PJ878838H88价格为税前交货29742R50N35L58ZW989KZX86X7015988890T3KZ2PPORVAL829ONQS7W9MBDRQO8IE46CH85E924JJYYMG4G071H55ZVER30Z7HHUP41L891316J018WOJ4CB2ZLH3P8AY89ROA2S38V1SYL170R378PQS33G8LHSA2YZ47EDV2X9F930J2V7E5A5G36J4F7H2WKZ4YE价30,500YF元/吨AM9。“JHG524F907NS85KA094Z6FBD5G9A326OTD9R9XUU1401M6ON72P74BE8HU5042BYFU00429JB9L8O5XVO3FT280K8334CE82AN7W06CY8P00366F9754H99B3EIO54F7L5JKC3377Q000EEW9598V4B0E5WNCHK6SEA877Y0A36093Q0904L17S7OO26XW6205B5GYFD锑精L1YS2LUL39735NRF887T79AD0GV576HM2695IX1UZVQB6CS709I3EXC43FZ9427BK269544DOWQ2N823R1QLU018TKLBA18U11D9139SH3C2H9K3A8X4XT5R414066796679JV7UKJFHHT57324M7D305OF158R8JZ714EEOFH2PRMW0Y5K86M9350069D9PJ3H7Q55J矿的供应非常紧张，许多M5CT2SR0D7BTY752N6593J76Y7UD37F78AZOF48HE475F9TI83AS13OCE389T890R1533T8B186K2W506WGQEDL25R29A63FDCZM9A1Q42CP2U0633M9VYRI10FK36P252P014V2C7G3OX6H910820LOLV051096066L3G2FM7393N43XK177R0GODARN974983W7TP6矿都处于停产状态AMB。尽管一些VU11A11MY64639US3939D109L523KF01EH7F5V7BNQ70389C7EEX6O0S3RN7Q3G62F30Q9SZ3154KH8X991T854X7MM1A147H8E0481573DYTOX3JNK8W448R1IVW9X6NK52GSIX85U8RV27BDHJZJKU59IA4U7RF1OD3VNL0ATK331330B6NQLY617Z8CH9635WWJ93生产商降低报HJ94H94RJ1X89D7X65VP5J5DU29T1BT0M3Z72X5T817138MK03295D25SP9C9E786A3D862M89I5042ON904LU4QIVT6DE84ZRD8O260579L39JQI64K4O6TV2U80341VMR14ECT37X9LWAX7R608QX04ZF7W97BJ71GX5VVL3K2PGN692AS8I5Y53IQ820OWS9LB6AM价，为了避免风险尽快降低库存，我始终认为，3TKPG61OV58C2VGB77H1E6U6K78693N7JM967K323AEP0MPC5QHCJNQM0XL0S729NQ95FNJ3RY493Q24PB8YQYITOQCJCR360K638328YNAJI4JME2191D0S1E0XI50B202N99K230B1JI235452I31PA77YS474J8916896IU84Q31398FH29UQO6EQ46M0601QJC2L锑锭CJ86Z60826576G91226WO44ZFOZ6L22L41SYDU8CL718W53S04980D8GD69NG5A9E9FS404369BOU912291MS0H6C0GBW146MB5F1629XPI06U61182XX3Z33ABMN36UQTZ6K8396W257HC5CJO48M170R60N2X5WG73OWD7991GES7VF8JH7N09633B025348E480UL市场最终还要走高AM1。”

另一82320J0174T08E5TZ7EERPVMIA299393URTE43K562WOYS9656WH60O3D737884SNC2NL2099CO513EN0QS9FPT2L7GBA6912TAN25ILV21273O66AZ37P64L10FQ97AIYJ4CIK45Z8XZZ32R0XU4G42421L0YBL88M429503NXU0KT63Z74QV5V6HT9KXD728Q9ZOBQ生产商本周初报I8042FIH1Z22K36ZJ26707366T93TD6I17ZS04E2AUWQ9TN98793M66E57T0ERXX9X2P69644Y3784PFORQ5V8T00C5PDR380PY3I9WAR697JVAY619837UKPF5184I4Q05G2U2G0F9ZTACK3P243O9P3GBDMDCW04COV68LT8ORH2089DTO9N685MHQ4B8KLD95E718价为41,000-42,000EV元/吨AMS。“最近我们接到一些询盘，但成交稀少AMV。我认为买家都在观望C8069X9LA4V1BM72Y94BC9G4109G0JDRCM79A2L663JJ43J28XR2Y53897U5402947C1FIVI2Y1R50LX2QSRCB5Z8309VR9059378348A5J3Q6I4M38L85C00Z88H3M0LHVU24L4323O0LF0SHE83JFFYY54CK2359S6M91324H6WTIBFU1D9S1864IBOBI10HGM9E8T市场，并等待JHG524F907NS85KA094Z6FBD5G9A326OTD9R9XUU1401M6ON72P74BE8HU5042BYFU00429JB9L8O5XVO3FT280K8334CE82AN7W06CY8P00366F9754H99B3EIO54F7L5JKC3377Q000EEW9598V4B0E5WNCHK6SEA877Y0A36093Q0904L17S7OO26XW6205B5GYFD价格继续走低AMB。”

该8SM206Y75H04GKKUR4Z3FAO9FN2QP4WP40T128ABX8A0M59F3056N4AA9WF7D46SVY1Z2P4WP0Q684NE03I1PR061009ZE45IRW09FOK9E1O712995OWRUU1F1W5496IDM158Y592KXZ2C47G9OE9EOTH50V603GOP3710Q66001TL2838N3UA57P47Z97Y6VH69BS19生产商证实，其他一些91R3AWVKK03W66GW318574HM0012FN7VB47D1H65CM1N0L0724F04YN6SZ0649U71V049X88F067QN8V0A9H97IA9HU8ZR993P65TX7I0C18TAX2F0DJ5097ZDQ910NQ9A0SS56L98Y0PG52WXEP4062DUW22GSAFH300163951O4MW0HT22XF66PNRAL57LKS7AE8F2生产商坚持42,500-43,00086元/吨的较高报3TKPG61OV58C2VGB77H1E6U6K78693N7JM967K323AEP0MPC5QHCJNQM0XL0S729NQ95FNJ3RY493Q24PB8YQYITOQCJCR360K638328YNAJI4JME2191D0S1E0XI50B202N99K230B1JI235452I31PA77YS474J8916896IU84Q31398FH29UQO6EQ46M0601QJC2L价AM2。“事实上，他们很难以该415Q2Y01QJ1NR00CL41JSBODH2WHOLL098ZQQ99UPQICO3Q63B9NH9D180H09240858ZZVTG39O00R51Q741A9612X82B180C34X69580LB6IHB74774C3FJ81W2C5ZJ06B67PN7B41ERL381J1RUHF08053HOA205W55YB3QHZV3KT5YT9130WN5U1RY4IXFM1RLHJ7价位成交AM5。然而，我认为，如果他们继续坚持，买家一定会接受的AM7。因为，目前政府依然没有放松对炸药的控制，415Q2Y01QJ1NR00CL41JSBODH2WHOLL098ZQQ99UPQICO3Q63B9NH9D180H09240858ZZVTG39O00R51Q741A9612X82B180C34X69580LB6IHB74774C3FJ81W2C5ZJ06B67PN7B41ERL381J1RUHF08053HOA205W55YB3QHZV3KT5YT9130WN5U1RY4IXFM1RLHJ7锑精0SO039G6T8LOO225C7F01X617FF73232LHAYJYTS2I53991XKX7704J35712VAI620G3Q12970XRE9QL33FAI4F6K755HE93V3L6480NQIV943YKB4TIFZLO73O8Y046IF8092HTZ35JA63BX26V9J3D6VN498G7BC7SN6IUCJHFDZAQ0117WV0TN4QPT7L82D4A2IJ9矿供应仍然紧张AMB。”

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[+/-] : 木素对铅蓄电池性能的影响

早在20世纪60年代初期，国内某些厂就开始用腐植酸作为负极板的添加剂，而于此同时淄博厂则着手试用木素解决起动用蓄电池—18℃低温放电问题，发现其各项性能均略优于腐植酸的配方，而价格却比腐植酸低得多。

1 木素简介

碱木素是由造纸厂废黑液提制和再加工处理而得；酸木素是原北京光华木材厂水解废渣经再加工提制而得。外观均为土褐色与棕褐色粉末物，粒径为1～5μm，表观密度为0.4～0.5 g／cm³，密度为1.3～1.5g／cm³，比表面为180m²／g 的呈负电性的胶体粒子。碳含量为60 ％～64 ％，氧为31 ％～34 ％，氢为5 ％～6 ％。碱木素在空气中软化点为120℃，熔点为140～150℃的可熔高分子同系物的混合物，能吸附大量气体和酸碱盐物质，故曾做矿用浮选剂、土壤改良剂、 气体吸附剂、建筑材料与动物饲料的添加剂(3 ％～5 ％)，又可做工业用碳的原材料。

2 负板添加剂的研究和应用结果

淄博蓄电池厂于1963～1976年曾将木素用于固定型、牵引用及汽车用电池中，均取得了良好的生产和使用效果，后因料源枯竭而被迫改用腐植酸。

碱木素和酸木素在Q型电池上的试验结果曾发表于“电源技术”1991年3期。

结合当年的生产和用户反映及性能检测，木素的性能可总结如下。

(1)低温性能

以前规定Q型汽车蓄电池以—18℃，3C₁₀电 流起动放电终止电压1.0V时，2.5 min可列为优等品，而用木素的电池可达6～6.8min；用做3QG—105放电，在同样条件下可达8.3min，正常生产的10年多在Q型 70～182Ah的抽样检查中测得的性能(低温)是4(6-Q-182)～6.8min，这涉及电液问题，当时灌酸密度为1.26g／cm³，而182Ah组装较紧，酸量不足。

用3Q—105电池在—50℃下检测可放电1.9rmin，而且保证硬橡胶槽与盖联接的封口剂不许开裂，在当时均曾达标。

装车使用试验，曾在内蒙古加格达奇地区进行，当大气温度—44℃， 而池温—42℃时未起动打火(当时由于人为原因：灌酸和充电均出现失误)，当大气温度—42℃而池温为40℃时起动顺利。当然在那样超低温下要求汽车、坦 克、装甲车、拖拉机均是严格的，例如水—50℃不许结冰 (加乙二醇)，汽油—50℃的燃点闪点均要正常(加乙醚)，机油—50℃仍要保持正常润滑，而对蓄电池只要求—40℃；能打火起动就行。当时交通部科学研究院，有关军事部门、蓄电池生产厂家及相关用户单位在塔河、漠河等地严冬车试，能打起火的车仅此木素配方是成功的。当时还有西宁——拉萨和新疆布尔津的车试也取得了成功。

按现行标准GB 50080.1-91规定的—18℃，Is 放电达1min时其电压达1.62～1.70V，超过标准规定的1.40 V和某些先进水平的1.58～1.62 V。此处Is系指3C₂₀值，当然4C₂₀、5C₂₀、9C₂₀则另有要求和结果。

(2)自放电性能

有3只3Q—105电池在试验室做完容量和初期各种试验(达20全充放周期)，然后充好电调到电液密度为1.2kg／cm³，放置半年后再测电液密度则为1.26 g／cm³，进行容量放电仍达102 ％～104 ％ (放置前容量为120 ％左右)，所以，自放电性能是良好的，因为放置半年多仍可使用这种搁置3个月或6个月后不用充电仍可使用的电池在军事用途上具有重大的意义。

(3)析气性能

铅蓄电池容 量性能好则析气量低，一般规定接近寿命终止的电池其析气量是初期容量的3～7倍以上，实际测定也是这样，Pb-Sb合金板栅的QT—10500Ah电池就 是个显著的例子。显然，改善板栅合金成份是能改善析气性能的，但负板添加剂不同和用量不同则对析气性能有相差13倍以上的结果，这对免维护电池，尤其是对 VRLA贫液电池的失水和热失控是有致命影响的，木素在这方面的析气量是很低的，当然这是指经过再加工的铅蓄电池专 用木素，不经过专门加工的木素是不能用的，不但容量不达标，而析气量要高出已加工木素的7～13倍。腐植酸也高出木素的1～5倍，当然这与配方量有很大的 关系。以上是我们做了共42只3—Q—95电池试验收气而得的结果。我们收气的方法是停止充电后连续收气6h，再换算到mL／min而进行对比的。我们还 试过某些产地的腐植酸经过再加工处理后，配方量达1.5时的析气也接近于木素。

所以，对VRLA蓄电池和其他富液式免维护蓄电池负板采用木素是有利于免维护性能的，甚至是必需的。VRLA贫液式铅蓄电池失水减少则有利于延长使用寿命，因此VRLA蓄电池负极配方添加木素是解决其寿命短的措施之一。

(4)寿命性能

就Q型电池而言，负板配方中添加木素，负极板的寿命相当于正板的 3～5倍以上。Q型电池寿终解剖时发现，其正板栅烂断而负板虽然膨胀得很厉害，但用手指甲划痕时金属光泽很亮，当再配上新的正板继续充放进行寿命试验时， 发现在此过程中低温起动、常温起动和容量则更好；如此充放更换正板3次，负板性能仍然同前，虽然膨胀，但不脱粉，可以继续试下去。同样，腐植酸配方的负板 当电池寿终、正板栅腐断烂掉时，而负板寿命也终止了，其金属光泽较差或无光泽，并呈砂粒状的硬化，不能再用。

(5)工艺性能

木素在合膏均匀、涂板滑腻柔和、与板栅结合牢固及化成除水后干燥不易氧化等方面是优于腐植酸的，在这方面和木素磺酸盐及改性木素磺酸盐相似。显然在贮存时也不易氧化。由于上述工艺性能，所以对极板和蓄电池的寿命性能是有利的，当然也有利于操作，尤其是手工操作更为有利。

(6)其他性能

其他如C₂₀、C_r,n。和充电接受能力等方面与优质酸腐植酸相似或略有提高，但不明显。

3 分析讨论

(1)木素的原料是造纸厂废黑液提制的粗木素粘 稠物或水解厂的废渣，收取这些废物是不花钱的，因此其成本低于腐植酸，但有的木素粘稠物比较干洁(固体含量为2.5 ％～50 ％)。近年由于环保要求严格，有的中小型造纸厂根本不要钱，欢迎为其减少污染。这样的原料经过再加工制成蓄电池专 用木素则成本为700～1500元／t，比腐植酸成本低。如果制成动物饲料添加剂(有利动物加速成长和提高肉蛋质量)，其成本大约是100～200元 ／t，用做建筑材料、矿山浮选剂(用量特大)其成本同动物饲料添加剂。但做气体吸附剂成本大约是300～400元／t；其销售价均较高。有人介绍从国外进 口木素是3～12万元／t，个别者有18万元／t吨和2万元／t，均高于现用腐植酸和国内木钠、木钙、木镁等等。

笔者认为从性能上和价格上应大力开发木素做铅蓄电池负板添加剂。

(2)关于腐植酸

制取腐植酸的原料是风化煤、泥煤、褐煤和草甸土的腐植质，含量一般 为20 ％～60 ％，同一原料因产地不同其腐植酸含量也不同，加入负板所呈现的性能也有区别，就像木素一样，木浆和草浆、麦浆、稻浆等提制的木素性能也略有差异。一般从湖 泥中提取的腐植酸性能较差些。这些高分子化合物的同系物混合物分子量为300～400的称黄腐植酸(溶于水)，而分子量为10³～10⁴称棕腐植酸，分子量高达10⁴～10⁶的为黑腐植酸，一般腐植酸含碳55 ％～65 ％，氧25 ％～35 ％，氢5.5 ％～6.5 ％，氮3 ％～4 ％，还有少量磷硫金属等。

酸法提制的腐植酸的性能一般低于碱腐植酸，如果工艺严格也可能优于碱腐植酸，但多数厂家掌握不好工艺，生产的酸腐植酸不及碱腐植酸。在没有木素时可以用腐植酸代替一时是可以的，因为它的性能优于木素纤维素和纤维素等。

(3)木素磺酸盐问题

木素磺酸盐也是由造纸厂废液提取的，但是用亚硫酸盐(钠、镁、钙、 铵等……)制浆的废黑液，而木素是用火碱(NaOH、KOH等……)·制浆的废黑液提取时，木素磺酸盐含有12 ％～15 ％的硫，而木素不含有，但经过再加工的木素中有7 ％左右的硫酸残留于内，其硫含量为2 ％左右。木素磺酸盐中木钠有较好低温性能，用量为铅粉的0.3 ％～0.4 ％，有的用0.2 ％，超过0.4 ％膨胀特别严重，影响寿命，而合膏工艺不同于木素和腐殖酸。木钠低温性能低于木素，但优于腐植酸，而木镁同腐植酸并用其低温性能优于木钠；木钙低温性能低 于木钠和腐植酸，但其大电流常温放电优于所有添加剂，所以，木钙适于南方工作的蓄电池或潜艇蓄电池的负板做添加剂。

用木铵或木钠制取木镍、木钴、木钡等，也取得了较好的试验结果，但因成本关系，难以广泛推广应用，但用于特殊用途的电池是可以考虑的。改性或再加工的木素磺酸物虽有较好技术性能，但因成本较高，也只能用于特殊目的。

木钠成本也不高，有的应用者反映其低温性能在使用后期急剧下降，甚至不能起动车辆，这可能和木钠的质量有关。只有经过再加工的木钠、木钙、木镁等才能获得良好的各项性能，也就是说，从废液中提取的初步产物基本不能应用。

4 结语

开发木素、木素磺酸盐是提高蓄电池各项性能和降低成本的重要技术措施，有利于中国蓄电池技术性能更上一层楼，凡有条件的单位应开辟此市场。

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[+/-] : Antimony trioxide export market dips in China

10 Sep 08 – Chinese exporters reported few deals with the concluded price decreasing. Participants believe it is the reasonable for the adjustment of the market itself as buyers have purchased a lot in the past months.
A large South China-based trioxide smelter stated that they quote USD5,600/t FOB China for antimony trioxide 99.5%min, and the deals could be concluded at USD5,500/t FOB China, down from USD5,600-5,700/t FOB China two to three weeks ago.
The source revealed that it is very difficult to conclude deals at USD5,600/t FOB China for famous brand materials. He puts the mainstream price for all kinds of antimony trioxide at USD5,400-5,500/t FOB China this week, down by around USD100/t from two weeks ago.
Another large South China-based trioxide smelter reported several deals at USD5,500/t FOB China, down from the last deal of USD5,600/t FOB China in the end of August. "The market has been very quiet in the recent two weeks and the price decreased by around USD100/t from two weeks ago," said the source, believing that it is reasonable for the price to go down as buyers has purchased a lot in the usual quiet season in July and August. However, they still hold stocks on hand. Therefore, there are fewer inquiries from buyers now than in August.

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[+/-] : Chinese antimony trioxide market drops

10 Sep 08 – Chinese antimony market drops this week as buyers stay away from the market and stop making purchases because they believe the market is going to decrease further.
An export enterprise supplier reported deals of antimony trioxide 99.5%min with exporters at around RMB37,000/t down from RMB37,000-37,500/t several days ago. The price for domestic sales is at around RMB37,200-37,300/t for the same grade materials, down from RMB37,500-38,000/t two weeks ago.
The source said, "The market is very quiet this week and we received fewer inquiries this week than last week." She believes that the market may decrease further slightly in the near future as according to her, buyers find the market is decreasing and may not come back to the market within two weeks. Where the market will go in the future depends on buyers demand for the trioxide material.
A Hunan-based smelter with a monthly production capacity of around 300 tons reported around 50 tons of antimony trioxide early this week concluded at RMB36,500-37,000/t.
The source puts the mainstream price of all grade antimony triode at RMB36,500-37,500/t at present. She confirmed that the market is decreasing but they find that it is difficult to get antimony ingot again. Therefore, the source believes that the market may increase slightly due to the above mentioned reason.

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[+/-] : Producers: Magnesium ingots market to stabilize

9 Sep 08 – Producers believe that the magnesium ingot market is leveling off after the price falls from RMB36,000-36,500/t (USD5,263-5,336/t) ex works early June to current RMB24,000-24,500/t (USD3,509-3,582/t) ex works which is close to the production cost. However, they are not confident in saying that more activity will be seen in the market in the rest of this month as most consumers still have little interest in purchasing.
"I don't think the magnesium ingot price will drop further; otherwise, more producers who will run at a loss may have to shut down," an official from a Shanxi-based smelter said to Asian Metal.
The source currently holds the quotation higher than RMB24,500/t (USD3,582/t) ex works but no deal has been concluded since early this month. The source acknowledged that more deals were reportedly concluded at RMB24,100-24,300/t (USD3,523-3,553/t) ex works during the past week and also heard of the low price of RMB23,800-23,900/t (USD3,480-3,494/t) ex works that appeared in Fugu, Shaanxi.
The smelter is running with an output of around 700-800tpm and the expansion project is underway. Its total capacity will reach 15,000tpy after the new furnaces are put into production in October. Considering that more new smelters or expansion projects will put into production soon, the source predicts that the magnesium market will keep low in the rest of this year with prices fluctuating around the production cost.
A major Ningxia-based producer with a capacity of 1,500tpm reported a concluded deal at RMB24,200/t (USD3,538/t) ex works. The source revealed that the company is focusing on domestic sales, and no export business has been closed over the past several weeks as most foreign buyers shunned the market.
The source also believes that there will be little room for magnesium ingot price to go down further in view of the increased production cost. "The current price is approaching the bottom line, so smelters will try their best to prevent the price from going lower," said the source.
With a stock of 200-300t, the source also takes a negative expectation on the future market, believing that situation of oversupply is likely to keep up to the fourth quarter.

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[+/-] : Manganese flakes export market sees stronger demand

9 Sep 08 - Manganese market sees stronger demand from foreign buyers when most of them have been back from vacation, but the offers from Chinese suppliers remain low at the moment.
A Hunan-based supplier who offers USD3,800/t FOB told Asian Metal that they received many inquiries these two days. "One Spanish buyer inquiried 150t for manganese ingot, to be delivered late this month and another Germany trader asked for two cargos of manganese flakes to be delivered in early October," said the source who still holds some stocks at hand. The source claimed that the low prices might attract more foreign buyers to place orders. "And the buyers also need to consider purchasing raw materials for their production in the fourth quarter this year or early next year."
The source claimed that some suppliers might be willing to offer much lower prices at the moment to release part of the stocks. "No one is sure how the future market would go even if demand slightly goes stronger," said the source. "And some deals in larger quantities are concluded at prices of around USD3,750-3,800/t FOB."
Another Hunan-based trader also received some offers from foreign buyers. "Our offer is around USD3,850t FOB," said the source who thinks the price very workable for them at the moment. The source does not expect the market to move down further. "Even if the profits keep dropping, we believe more smelters would cut down their production to reduce supply, which may lead to a stable market if not a upward one."
AThe source claimed that many foreign buyers woulld just leave aside very small stocks at hand and might have to return to the market for some material. "Thus demand of the market might increase though it may not be strong," said the source who blames the slowing down global economy for the sluggish manganese market.

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[+/-] : Manganese flakes export price keeps dropping

4 Sep 08 - Manganese suppliers have cut down their offers significantly due to the remaining stagnant demand in both domestic and export markets. The export quotation has been low at around USD3,850/t FOB for the moment while still few foreign buyers are interested till the moment.
A Hunan-based exporter confirmed that they received very few inquiries recently. "Most foreign buyers have been back from vacation but they are inactive in purchasing for the moment. They are hesitant to purchase for the moment and the orders are mostly in very small quantities of just one to two truckloads," said the source who has already lowered their offers to around USD3,800/t FOB from USD3,900/t FOB late last week. However, no reply has been received yet.
The source claimed that they have still not booked out the output in September and thus they are eager to conclude some deals. "But many buyers keep some stocks at hand and they are in no hurry to purchase at the moment when the market is still low and the price keeps dropping." The source believes that current manganese price has almost touched the bottom line and the price might stop sliding while most exporters get slim profits at such low price and the Customs still fix quite high price floor.
Another Guangxi-based smelter has booked out most of its products this month. "We signed some big deals at around RMB21,000/t ex works and just leave aside 300t of the material by the end of this month," said the source who also lowered their offers to USD3,950/t CIF Rotterdam from USD3,950/t FOB early this month. "Some buyers claimed that they could find some prices of around USD3,900/t CIF Rotterdam, which we could barely get any profits."
The source expects manganese demand to go up in the middle of the month when more consumers would place some orders for the material to be delivered in the last quarter of the year. "However, as the overall market is slowing down, the manganese market might be no exception. Our only wish is that the market would keep stable at current level or many domestic smelters might cut down or halt production again," said the source who reported that the domestic manganese price drops to around RMB20,000/t (USD2,924/t) ex works.

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[+/-] : South Korean buyers away from magnesium ingot market

5 Sep 08 - Consumers and traders continue to stay away from the magnesium market in South Korea. Activity is not expected in the coming one or two weeks, sources reported to Asian Metal.
A trader from South Korea described the magnesium ingot market as asleep, citing that only two or three consumers have made tentative inquiries during the past two weeks without any deals concluded. "We feel that the demand is still there, but consumers are all holding on for lower prices," said the source.
The source received offers of USD4,100-4,150/t FOB China from regular suppliers in China but has no intention of buying as no good inquiries came recently. Furthermore, the source heard that some Chinese suppliers could offer as low as USD4,000/t FOB China, so he thinks that offers he received were not so practical.
Another Korean trader confirmed the static market and also expressed the concern about the future market conditions. "We find ourselves in a predicament," said the source, further explaining that major Chinese suppliers stick to the offers of USD4,150-4,200/t FOB China while consumers are talking the price down to USD3,850-3,900/t CIF Korean main ports.
"Our suppliers told us that the price floor policy issued by Chinese customs is affecting the magnesium exports. Combined with the high-held cost, they won't lower offers further," said the source. However, the source still dares not place an order without seeing solid demand in the local market.
According to the source, the company used to sell more than 500t of magnesium ingot per month, but only concluded two or three small deals in the past one month. The source does not think the market will warm up in September seeing the current weak demand.
Meanwhile, a third trader claimed that they just bought a container of magnesium ingot at USD4,000/t CIF Korean main ports, believing that the market is reaching the bottom and there is little room for the price to go down further.

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[+/-] : Russian antimony ingot price runs at high levels

3 Sep 08 - Participants expressed even though the demand is low, the price of antimony 99.65%min remains stable at the high level of RUB200-205/kg (USD8062-8263/t),unchanged from last week.
Some local traders do not know what to do about the high price. They revealed some traders have quoted above RUB210/kg (USD8464/t), but most deals are concluded at RUB200-205/kg (USD8062-8263/t).
A smelter in Russia quotes RUB207/kg for antimony 99.65%min. He stated that there are few inquiries from consumers. Consumers are watching the market. Therefore, few deals are concluded at present.
"Few deals are concluded due to the low demand. We may lower our quotations in order to sell the metal in bulk," he said. In addition, China is a large producing country of antimony and has a say in the pricing of antimony products. Some traders and consumers in Russia imported antimony from China. Therefore, the current high quotation of Chinese antimony ingot is one of the most important reasons of the highly stable price in Russia. The smelter's monthly production volume is around 60 tons.
A trader in Russia said the mainstream price of antimony 99.65%min remains stable at RUB200/kg (USD8062/t), unchanged from last week. He quotes RUB205/kg (USD8263/t) this week, down by RUB2/kg (USD80/t) compared with that of last week. However, he has not concluded any deals so far. In view of the current condition, he believes the price of antimony may go down slightly in a short time.

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[+/-] : No improvement in magnesium ingots market

3 Sep 08 – Market participants told Asian Metal that there was no improvement in magnesium market conditions, with difficulties increasing in sales. Many of them seem reluctant to look too far into the future.
A Shanxi-based smelter reported that the magnesium market has been inactive, and buyers show little interest in purchasing. "Some buyers have indeed been inquiring, but they did nothing except asking for a price," said the source.
Due to the weakened demand, the smelter, with a capacity of 12,000tpy, has reduced production by half. It has no stock at the moment, but is still under great pressure of sales. "Considering the high production cost, we're reluctant to sell magnesium ingot at prices below RMB24,500/t (USD3,582/t) ex works, but no buyer accepts such a price," said the source, adding that they sold small quantities of magnesium ingot at around RMB24,300/t (USD3,553/t) ex works early this week.
A trader from Sichuan just purchased around 40t of magnesium ingot from a Shaanxi-based smelter at RMB25,000/t (USD3,644/t) delivered, with RMB800/t (USD1,17/t) for transportation cost. "The price has not changed much this week, but the magnesium market is still very weak," said the source, citing that they usually sell 120-150t of magnesium ingot to end users in the local market whereas the total trading volume in July and August was less than 80t.
The source mainly supplies manufacturers of magnesium alloy and aluminum profile. Due to the price hike in the first half of this year, many magnesium alloy producers switched to produce aluminum alloy, and aluminum profile producers reduced consumption of magnesium ingot.
The source said it is still too difficult to predict the market in the rest of the year, but believes that more activity will be seen in the spot market in the fourth quarter as long as the magnesium prices keep comparatively stable.

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[+/-] : Manganese flakes market falls down in Asian markets

1 Sep 08 - Manganese market falls down in Asia though more buyers were expected to enter the market after the summer holidays. Demand of the material remains stagnant and few deals are concluded at current prices of around USD3,900-3,950/t FOB.
A South Korean trader claimed that they have already booked some materials in the middle of August, purchased at around USD3,950/t CIF Incheon. "Actually, many downstream consumers still have some stocks at hand, and they keep pressing the price down," said the source who reported that due to the lower prices in China domestic market, the suppliers lowered their offers to slightly below USD3,900/t FOB at the moment.
The source expects more buying activity in the middle of this month while as the supply also increases gradually, the source thinks the price might fail to rebound. "The overall market is no in good shape this year and the consumers use fewer manganese products this year."
The source complained that the gradually booming manganese briquette market is another reason for less manganese demand. "The much cheaper price attracts more traders and consumers to transfer to this material," said the source.
Another Japanese trader who also keeps some stocks at hand told Asian Metal that the price they get from Chinese suppliers are dropping at the moment. "The offer we receive now is at around USD3,850-3,900/t FOB, compared with USD3,900-3,950/t FOB in the last week," said the source who still has no intention of replenishing some stocks.
The source also deals in some manganese briquette, whose price is around USD3,400/t FOB for the moment. "Manganese market is sliding with few materials purchased from China while the supply keeps increasing, so we think the price might fall further in the coming weeks," said the source who reported that the European and Asian Markets still see large stockpiles at hand. "Some buyers are purchasing, but they just want to buy materials for prompt release."

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[+/-] : Manganese flakes market summary Aug 25-29

1 Sep 08 - Manganese market remains dull in the last week of August. Sources reported to Asian Metal that with the supply slightly recovering, manganese price starts to slide down while demand in both domestic and foreign markets keeps weak for the moment.
ASome domestic traders are about to replenish some stocks before the consumers enter the market but they refused to accept the higher prices of around RMB20,800/t (USD3,045/t) ex works. So some suppliers have to accept lower prices once they are in need of cash for turnover. More deals are concluded at relatively lower prices of around RMB20,600/t ex works. Some buyers claimed that they managed to purchase some material in the week at much lower prices of around RMB20,400/t ex works from suppliers who could still enjoy some profits and on top of that, some smelters have to reduce their stocks as they fail to conclude many deals for September.
Manganese demand keeps weak for the moment. Many foreign and domestic consumers still have some materials at hand purchased before the Olympics. And the consumers are still not satisfactory at current price level of around USD3,900/t FOB and RMB20,600/t (USD3,016/t) ex works while demand of stainless steel is also low and the profits are very low. There are some bids reported this week in Europe and South Asia but the price is not attracting at all at below USD3,900/t FOB. Some small deals were concluded during the week at prices of around USD3,950/t FOB but most exporters failed to get such a good price. Many of them are willing to sell at the price of USD3,900/t FOB but received no reply from the foreign buyers. Manganese briquette price is around USD3,400-3,450/t FOB in the week and the price might decrease slightly with manganese price falling in domestic market.
Manganese flakes price is around USD4,000-4,100/t in warehouse Rotterdam in the week with demand remains sluggish. More consumers and traders are interested in manganese briquette but they are in no hurry to purchase at the moment while the overall market trend is softening.
The price floor in some major Customs remains high at around USD3,900/t FOB for manganese flakes and USD4,000/t FOB for manganese ingot. Some exporters who concluded deals before August failed to get through the Customs smoothly and have to pay extra tax due to the high price floor, which adds to the export cost and reduces the profits.

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